The Hales Newsletter

Motto: United Force is Stronger

NEW SERIES Spring 1996 Vol. 2. No. 1.

ABOUT THAT MAILING LABEL

NEWS AND VIEWS

BRIEF NOTES ON THE HALES FAMILY

KENTISH NAMES

THE PIPE ROLL SOCIETY

HALES REFERENCES IN THE PIPE ROLLS

ALEXANDER OF HALES

RESEARCH NOTES

HUGH HALES, SR.

NEW MEMBERS 

This is on-line version of The HALES Newsletter. The HALES Newsletter is the Journal of the HALES Family. It is a quarterly publication of the HALES Family History Society and variant spellings, including HALES, HAILS, HAILES, HAYLS, and HAYLES. The information includes current events, historical sketches and genealogical information pertaining to the Hales family. The pictures can be viewed by clicking on words that are highlighted. It is published by Kenneth Glyn Hales, secretary of The Hales Genealogical Society from 1970 through 1981 and The Hales Family History Society since 1995.

The intent of the HALES Family History Society is to document all HALES, HAILS, HAILES, HAYLS, and HAYLES families wherever they are found in all parts of the world. This documentation is found in the multi-volume The Hales Chronicles. This information is provided as a service to the Hales Family.

The Hales Chronicles contains the genealogical information published by the Hales Family History Society. This database can be found on the Hales web-page at www.hales.org and can be found in book form at The Family History Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at Salt Lake City, Utah; The Library of Congress at Washington, D.C.; The Library of The Society of Genealogists at London, England; and the Centre for Kentish Studies at Maidstone, Kent, England. The Hales Chronicles is also found on-line. Look here to verify your family information and to search for your ancestors.

The Hales Newsletter is provided to the above cited repositories and the Allen County Public Library at Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Allen County Public Library indexes our publication and provides articles through their Periodical Source Index (PERSI).

Printed copies of The Hales Newsletter are provided to members of The Hales Family History Society. If you desire to be come a member, refer to the membership section on our home-page. If you would like a printed copy of individual Hales Newsletters, reprints are available at a cost of $3.75 each.

Please note that on your mailing label an extra line has been added above your name. This line contains your Membership Number and the date that you need to renew without missing any Hales Newsletters. Your Membership Number is a sequential number beginning with 1 of each membership received. Please make sure that you know when to renew so that you do not miss any issues and to help us keep our Family History Society viable.

Also, if you move, let me know your new address as soon as possible so that the mailing list can be corrected.

Brevden Emila Hales, was born on March 3, 1995 the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lee Hales of Lusk, Wyoming. Paternal grandparents are Mr. and Mrs. William S. Hales, also of Lusk, Wyoming.

Sam S. Hales and Patricia Wehr, were married on June 17, 1995 in Casper, Wyoming. They make their home at 7110 Geary Dome Road, Evansville WY 82636.

Don't know what to call you. I am real pleased with your 3 volume history (The Hales Chronicles). My family is enjoying looking for our cousins. I also have your book "Windows" -- it is very interesting.

(Note: You can just call me cousin Ken).

Mary Undine HALES

Mary Undine HALES died March 3, 1996 at American Fork, Utah. A memorial service was held in Utah on March 5, 1996 and she was buried March 7, 1996 at Crestlawn Memorial Cemetery in Riverside, California next to her late husband Laurence Laurell "Larry" TIFFANY. Mary had a great love for genealogy and is well remembered for her leadership in genealogical programs in Riverside, California.

Friends also remember Mary for her wholesome home and family. She moved to American Fork to be closer to her family.

Born Mary Undine King on January 22, 1924 at San Francisco, California the daughter of Walter Green KING and Virda Undine MOWER She later assumed the HALES surname when her mother married John Leland HALES. She married Larry TIFFANY on November 26, 1943 at Sacramento, California.

One son David L. TIFFANY died serving his country in Viet Nam. Survivors include children: Roland M. (Gloria) TIFFANY; Laurel L. (Dennis) CRAWFORD; Linda M. (David) HALES; and Rachael M (Kenneth) ALLRED.

Among his descendants there is no one calling for particular notice till we come to Sir Robert de Hales, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, in the reign of Edward III (1327-1377); Admiral of the King's Fleet, and Treasurer of the King's Exchequer, in the fourth year of Richard II. The hard fate which befell him is well known. During the rebellion of Wat Tyler, when the King, who had previously been fortified in the Tower, was induced to go out and meet the insurgents, the rebels broke into the fortress and pillaged it; beheading Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, (who had abused them as "shoeless ribalds,") Sir Robert de Hales, the Treasurer, and others whom they found there.

Sir Robert de Hales appears to have died childless, and the family was represented by his brother, Sir Nicholas Hales, whose grandson, John Hales, built Hales Place, Tenterden. Among his descendants was Sir Christopher Hales, Attorney-General and Master of the Rolls, in the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547; he died in 1542.

The descent of this Sir Nicholas Hales can be found in The Hales Chronicles.

Thomas Hales, brother of the above-mentioned John Hales, was the ancestor of The Coventry branch of the family. His descendant, John Hales, was created a baronet 25 August 1660. This branch of the family being, as I believe, quite extinct; and having, moreover, no particular connection with Kent, I here leave, and go on to the Woodchurch and Bekesboume branches.

Sir John Hales, great-grandson of the original builder of Hales Place, was a baron of the Exchequer, and lived at the Dungeon – now the Dane John – Canterbury.

His second son, Thomas Hales, of Thanington, and his third son, Edward Hales, of Tenterden, were the ancestors of the Bekesboume and Woodchurch branches respectively.

Sir Robert Hales, great-grandson of Thomas Hales, of Thanington, was created a baronet 12 July 1660. His descendants are all extinct, so I will leave this branch also; although there were several persons of note among this family, one of whom was Stephen Hales, well known for his researches and experiments on plants. Liebig says, "They remain to this day as a pattern of an excellent method, and are unsurpassed in the domain of vegetable physiology."

I proceed, then, with the ancestry of the first Sir Edward Hales, of Woodchurch. Edward Hales, the third son of Baron Hales, was married to Margaret, daughter of John Honeywood, of Seen, by whom he had a numerous family. His two eldest sons (namely, John Hales, who married Mary, daughter of Robert Home, Bishop of Winchester; and Edward Hales, of Chilham, who married Mary , daughter of Stephen Ford, of Tenterden) having both died issueless, his third son, William Hales, of Tenterden, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Paul Johnson, of Fordwich, became his heir. There were also two daughters, Jane and Elizabeth; married, respectively, to Sir Thomas Honeywood, of Elmstead, and William Austen, of Tenterden.

William Hales, of Tenterden, had by his wife Elizabeth three sons, Edward (of whom presently); William of Bowley and Chilston; and Richard of Hunsdon.

Sir Edward Hales, Knight, the eldest son of William and Elizabeth Hales, of Tenterden, was created a baronet 29 June 1611. He married, firstly, Deborah, daughter and heiress of Martin Harlackenden, of Woodchurch, in the county of Kent. At the time of her father's death she was aged only one year and three months; consequently it may be presumed that there were great accumulations during her minority. By this marriage, Sir Edward acquired the Woodchurch estates and was styled "Lord of Woodchurch." He married, secondly, Martha, daughter of Sir Matthew Carew, and relict (widow) of Sir James Cromer, Knight, of Tunstall, Kent. By his first marriage Sir Edward had two sons, both of whom predeceased him. Sir John Hales, Knight, the elder son, married Christiana, daughter of Sir James Crowmer, Knight, of Tunstall. By these three marriages the father and son acquired, in addition to their Tenterden property, very considerable estates at Woodchurch and Tunstall, and to them might be applied -parvis componere magna - the well know distich respecting the Hapsburgs:

"Bella gerant alii tu felix Austria nube."

Their great possessions were, however, dissipated in the wars of the Stuarts, as the sequel will prove.

Sir Edward Hales had by his first marriage a second son, Samuel Hales, for whom Sir Edward purchased the lands of his younger brother, William Hales, of Bowley and Chilston.

Samuel Hales married Martha, daughter of Stephen Heronden, of Staple Inn, Middlesex; who was, I believe, of an old Kentish family, formerly seated at Beneden and Biddenden. At his death Samuel Hales was seized of lands in the parishes of Preston, Luddenham, Davington, Faversham, and Owre in Kent. He died at Davington, 13 Jun 1638, and left behind him a son and heir, Edward Hales, (who was aged eight years, one month, and twenty-eight days at his father's death,) and also three daughters, Christiana, Deborah, and Martha.

This Edward Hales, who is generally called Edward Hales of Chilston, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Evelyn, of Lee Place, Godstone, M.P. for Bletchingley. By this marriage he had a son, Edward, and three daughters, Thomasine, Elizabeth, and Frances.

Thomasine married Gerald Gore, Esquire, of Tunstall, and an inscription to her memory may be seen in Tunstall Church. Edward, the only surviving son, died issueless, and then the line became extinct. His widowed mother, Elizabeth, and her three daughters all joined, 28 January 1698, in a deed of sale whereby the estates were diverted from the family.

I may note, in passing, that the branch of the Evelyns into which Edward Hales married, seems, like the Hales' to have dissipated their family property. The two families lived in great intimacy with each other; some of the children of Edward Hales and Elizabeth Evelyn were baptized at Godstone, as the registers shew; while only one son, Edward, was baptized at Boughton Malherbe. Sir John Evelyn, Knight, by his will, dated 20 April 1663, amongst other gifts, devises as follows:

"To my good son-in-law, Edward Hayles (sic) of Boughton Malherbe, in the county of Kent, Esquire, £40 for mourning for himself and wife." This I suppose was all he could afford. The money spent on elections, and the civil wars, had doubtless reduced his exchequer.

The celebrated Evelyn, author of "Silva," appears to have visited Chilston in 1666. In his Diary (Bray's Edition) he says:

May 8, 1666. "Went to visit my cousin Hales at a sweetly watered place at Chilston, near Bocton." As Edward Hales, the son and heir, was baptized 20 March 1666, there probably were great rejoicings and festivities about this period, whereat so noted a person as Evelyn of Sayes Court would undoubtedly be exceedingly welcome. That he was upon very intimate terms with Edward Hales is pretty clear. I may here introduce an extract from the "Book of Expenses" kept by George Glanville, Esquire, brother-in-law of the author of "Silva: "

1691/92

Apr. 2. Payd for going to see my cousin Hales £00 s02 p00.

Jul. 4. Frank, servant to Chilson £05 s00 p00.

Aug. 14. Spent in my journey to Chilson £03 s14 p00.

Oct. 21. Kent, the housekeeper's journey to Chilson £00 s10 p09.

Dec. 1. Frank, charges from Chilson £10 s00 p00.

1694-5.

Jan. 3. Betty Hales' silk stockins £00 s12 p00.

Father Hales' tobacco £00 s04 p00.

Jan. 17. Mr. Hales' man for venison £00 s05 p00.

Feb.8. Sir Thomas Hales' man £00 s01 p00.

Mar. 25. Sir Thomas Hales' man £00 s01 p06.

Jun. Sir T. H. Gardiners £00 s02 p00.

When the hospitable owner of Chilston died, so profusely hospitable as to leave his family in difficulties, I do not exactly know, but it was evidently about 1697. Here I must leave them, and go on to speak more minutely respecting the baronet's family.

Referring to the trustworthy statements of Clarendon, we find (vol. vi.) that there were at this time some commotions in Kent, and one Mr. L'Estrange, who had been taken prisoner by the Parliament, and by a court of law condemned to die, contrived to ingratiate himself with the weak young Edward Hales. L'Estrange had been set at liberty at the end of the war, as one no longer dangerous; but he retained his old affection, and more remembered the cruel usage he had received than the fact that he had got off scot-free. "He had," says Clarendon, "a great friendship with a young gentleman, Mr. Hales, who lived in Kent, and was married to a lady of noble birth and fortune, he being heir to one of the greatest fortunes in that country; but was to expect the inheritance from and old severe grandfather, who for the present kept the young couple from running into any excess. The mother of the lady being of as strict and sour a nature as the grandfather, and both of them so much of the Parliament party that they were not willing that any part of their estates should be hazarded for the King. At the house of this Mr. Hales, L'Estrange was ... when the report did first arise that the fleet would presently declare for the King, and those seamen who came on shore talked as if the City of London would join with them. This drew many gentlemen of the country to visit the ships, and they returned more confirmed of the truth of what they had heard. God fellowship was a vice generally spread over that country, and this young great heir , who had been always bred amongst his neighbors, affected that which they were best pleased with, and so his house became a rendezvous for those who delighted in that exercise ... and all men's mouths were full of the general hatred which the whole kingdom had against the Parliament and the army."

Mr. L'Esttange observed, by the good company that came to the house, that the affections of many in that large and populous country were for the King. So he began to tell Mr. Hales that though his grandfather did in his heart wish the King well, yet his carriage had been such, in conjunction with the Parliament, that he had more need of the King's favor than of his grandfather's to be heir of that great estate; and that certainly nothing could be more acceptable to his grandfather, or more glorious to him, than to be the instrument of both; and therefore advised him to put himself at the head of his own country , which would willingly be led by him, and that so doing he should have a great share in the honor of restoring the King.

The weak young man fell into the snare, and being seconded by his wife and by the company that frequented the house, he took up an enormous sum of money, £80,000 (and we must remember what £80,000 must have been in those days), in order to defray the expenses of raising a Kentish army. The extraordinary thing was his delivering himself blindly to the counsels of L'Estrange; and, as Clarendon here well remarks, "the young gentleman had not been enough conversant with the affairs of the world to apprehend the hazard and danger of the attempt, and so referred himself and the whole business to be governed and conducted by one whom they believed by his discourse to be an able soldier."

Maidstone was I believe appointed as their rendezvous, and immense numbers resorted thither on the appointed day. Whereupon Mr. L’Esttange made an address inveighing against the Parliament, and asserting - which he had no authority for doing - that his Majesty was willing to have a gentleman of their own country well know to them to be their general, and named Mr. Hales, who was then present. No questions were asked; but they one and all expressed their readiness to join, and to march as General Hales should direct. Shortly afterwards Mr. Hales, as General, made out the commissions, and after two more general gatherings, they agreed to keep together till they could march to London.

It is not difficult to imagine the effect which these tidings would have on the dominant Parliament. The gentlemen of Kent, indeed, who sat in the Parliament, utterly disbelieved and denied the facts asserted; and Sir Edward Hales, who was present, told them he was confident that his grandson could not be engaged in such an affair. But when it appeared that the meetings were continued, and the declarations published, together with the fact that young Hales was their general, the Parliament sent two or three troops of horse into Kent to suppress "that seditious insurrection," as it was called; Sir Edward Hales now exercising himself with revilings, threats, and detestations of his grandson, who, he protested, should never be his heir.

All ended as might have been anticipated. It was not likely that a plain country gentleman, like young Hales, could be suddenly fitted to command the newly raised troops; or that such as they could cope with the Parliamentary veterans.

The new levies were plainly told by those who had the management of the King's affairs that Mr .Hales was not equal to his work; and the Earl of Norwich, better known as Lord George Goring, was sent to supersede him.

To quote again the language of Clarendon: "Mr. Hales, upon the news of another General to be sent thither, and upon the storms of threats and rage which fell upon him from his grandfather on the one side, and on his wife by her mother on the other side, and upon the conscience that he was not equal to the charge, though his affection was not in the least declined, found means to transport himself and his wife, together with his friend Mr. L'Estrange, into Holland, resolving, as soon as he had put his wife out of the reach of her mother, to return himself and to venture his person in the service which he could not conduct, which he did quickly after very heartily endeavor to do."

It is not necessary for me to trace further the fortunes of this misguided young man. He appears, about 1651, to have retired finally to France; and in 1654 he succeeded to his grandfather's title, but never resided in England, and died abroad.

I must now go on to his son and successor, Edward Hales, third baronet, who was born in 1645. He is very much mixed up with contemporary history, and was held in especial favor by James II.

Perhaps the most remarkable incident in his life is the trial, in which he pleaded the King's dispensing power, for having neglected to take the Sacrament after receiving a military commission. A mock action was brought against him by one Godden, his servant, to recover a penalty of £500, and Sir Edward being convicted at Rochester Assizes, moved the case into the Kings Bench, and a majority of the judges, eleven to one, decided that the King might for reasons of State lawfully dispense with penal statutes in particular cases. For a full and particular account of this case I may refer to Lord Macaulay's History and also to Evelyn's Diary.

He continued to advance in Royal favor, and was appointed Lieutenant of the Tower, a Lord of the Admiralty, and a Privy Councillor, and was in constant attendance on King James II. When that monarch visited Oxford, in 1687, particular notice was taken of his eldest son, Edward Hales, Gentleman Commoner of University College, fuller details of which will be found in Antony à Wood's Athenae Oxnienses.

This young man, who seems to have been of unusual promise, was afterwards killed at the Battle of the Boyne.

The connection of Sir Edward Hales with King James's flight and abdication is well known. He brought a hackney coach and went away with James, when that monarch flung the Great Seal into the Thames, and so traveled with him to Elmley Ferry, near Sheerness, where a hoy was waiting. Had they sailed immediately they might have got safely across the Channel, but the master of the vessel refused to weigh without more ballast, and thus a tide was lost and the vessel could not float before midnight.

By this time the news of the King’s flight had traveled down the Thames, and the rude fishermen of the Kentish coast viewed the hoy with suspicion and with cupidity. Fifty or sixty boatmen, animated at once by hatred of Popery and by love of plunder, boarded the hoy, just as she was about to make sail. The passengers were told that they must go on shore and be examined by a magistrate. The King's appearance excited suspicion. "It is Father Petre," cried one ruffian; "I know him by his lean-faced jaws." "Search the hatchet-faced old Jesuit," became the general cry. He was rudely pulled and pushed about. His money and his watch were taken from him. He had about him his coronation ring, and some other trinkets of great value; but these escaped the search of the robbers, who were, indeed, so ignorant of jewelry that they took his diamond buckles for bits of glass.

At length the prisoners were put on shore and carried to an inn. A crowd had assembled to see them; and James, though disguised by a wig of different shape and color from that which he usually wore, was at once recognized. For a moment the rabble seemed to be overawed, but the exhortations of their chiefs revived their courage, and the sight of Sir Edward Hales, whom they well knew and bitterly hated, inflamed their fury. His park was in the neighborhood, and at that very moment a band of rioters was employed in pillaging his house and shooting the deer.

Sir Edward Hales was imprisoned in Maidstone jail for about a year, and then rejoined James II in France. He was impeached by the House of Commons, as appears by their journals, 26 October 1689, and was adjudged a traitor. He died in 1695, and is buried at St. Sulpice, in Paris.

Understanding that there was a monument erected to his memory, I took the liberty of applying to the present cure of that church, M. Meritan, who obligingly informs me that the church having been entirely rebuilt since 1695, the monument, if ever there was one, no longer exists.

Before finally taking leave of Sir Edward, I may mention that King James II created him Earl of Tenterden and Viscount Tunstall - titles which were not recognized by William and Mary. The patent thereof is in the possession of my relative, Miss M. B. F. Hales, lately of Hales Place, Canterbury, who obligingly shewed it to me there, in 1879.

The third baronet was succeeded by his second surviving son, Sir John Hales. Of him I have very little to say, except that he was offered a peerage by George I, but declined it, because he was not allowed to claim the Earldom of Tenterden. He died, after a somewhat strange life, in 1744, and was buried at Tunstall.

His grandson, the fifth baronet, Sir Edward Hales of Woodchurch, succeeded him and died in 1802; and he was succeeded by his son, Sir Edward Hales, sixth and last baronet, who married in 1789 Lucy, daughter of Henry Darell of Calehill. When he died issueless in 1829, the baronetcy became extinct, and his extensive estates devolved eventually upon his great-niece, Mary Barbara Felicite, granddaughter of his sister, Madame de Morlaincourt, whose son assumed the name of Hales.

It may not be out of place to record, that although the immediate male descendants of the first baronet are all deceased, the old family, which was settled for centuries in the neighborhood of Tenterden, is not extinct, but is now represented by the humble individual who writes this paper.

The first baronet had two brothers, the elder of whom, William Hales of Bowley and Chilston (a place now owned by Aretas Akers-Douglas, Esquire, M.P., a member of our Society), was married to Margaret, daughter of Ralph Heyman, of Tenterden. His elder son John, being impecunious, sold those estates to the baronet's family. The descendants of William Hales, of Bowley and Chilston, subsequently became so much reduced, that Samuel Hales, his great-grandson (who seems to have visited at Hales Place in early life), was obliged to go to sea, as a ship's carpenter. He died at sea, on board H.M.S. "Suffolk" in 1695. Subsequently, the fortunes of this branch of the family considerably revived, and Major James Hales, my father, was of the opinion that this Samuel was a descendant of Samuel Hales, of Chilston, a son of the first baronet, Sir Edward. A rigid examination shews that this is not so. For the sake of my children, I have had the most searching inquiry made, and the result of it proves that we are descended in a direct line from William Hales, of Bowley and Chilston, next surviving brother of the first baronet Sir Edward Hales.

The pedigree of this branch of the family has been officially investigated by the present Chester Herald (Mr. C. Murray Lane), who is the Registrar of the College of Arms.

Our Kentish Hales are said to have come here from Norfolk according to official records. There is little doubt that a fair number of surviving families can link themselves genealogically with the gentry family which reached a position of fame and eminence in the county.

It is not certain whether they begin with Tonne, lord of Hale and Luceby, from Hale in the parish of Wrotham or from some East Anglican settlement, but by the middle of the l5th century they are well established in Kent and several manorial buildings known as Hales Place had begun to appear. The most famous of these are at Tenterden and Canterbury, though the latter was pulled down some years ago when the Jesuit community's school failed and a speculator purchased the magnificent house to develop a less attractive residential estate.

The family's coat of arms, Gules (red), three arrows argent (silver) barbed or (gold) - a red shield charged with three silver arrows with golden tips – and Crest: A dexter arm embowed at the elbow in armor proper, round the wrist a ribbon gules, holding in the hand proper an arrow in bend argent barbed or may be thought to reflect a raining down or "hail" of arrows.

Anyone who saw the film "Henry V' and the scenes of the firing of arrows from long bows during the French wars would appreciate what an appropriate cant or illustrated pun on the name this simple coat is. This and the extensive pedigree was first registered in 1574 and was probably put together by Humfry Hales, York Herald. The descent begins with Thomas Hales of Hales Place in Halden, son of Nicholas son of Nicholas, which takes the pedigree into the 14th century. Some judicious marriages and good education produced leading figures within a few generations .

Thomas Hales's uncle, Sir Robert Hales, was the first of the family to reach prominence.

Throughout their history , with a few exceptions, the Hales were devout and loyally attached to their faith. Though politically astute, even during penal times there were Hales strongholds of the Old Faith, some lost property and position on account of their devotion and this may, in some measure, explain the absence of Hales in their several "places" today.

Robert de Hales, then, joined that band of monks-in-the-World, the hospitaller military knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, long before they were forced to establish their headquarters on the island from which they got the name Knights of Malta by which they are known today. Sir Robert rose in the Order of St. John to become Prior of the English in the reign of Edward III. He was Admiral of the King's Fleet and Treasurer of the King's Exchequer in the reign of Richard II, whom he had turned to protect in the Tower of London when Wat Tyler's rebels broke in and pillaged it. With the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon of Sudbury and a number of others, Sir Robert lost his life. As a professed knight and member of a religious order he was celibate and it fell to his brother Sir Nicholas to continue the line.

Nicholas's grandson, John, built Hales Place at Tenterden and his great-grandson, an alderman of the City of Canterbury, moved from the Dungeon there (Dane John) to the parish of Hackington where he began the construction of another place. He was a baron of Chancery and clerk of the Hanaper during Henry VIII's reign. His cousin, Sir Christopher Hales, was Attorney General and later Master of the Rolls. After serving as Member of Parliament for Canterbury in 1523. It was he who preferred the indictment against Cardinal Wolsey in 1529 and in 1535 conducted the proceedings against Sir Thomas More, Bishop John Fisher of Rochester and Anne Boleyn.

From this same line came Stephen Hales the 18th-century physiologist and inventor, chaplain to King George III as a child, whose monument in Westminster Abbey was placed there by the Princess-dowager of Wales. Sir John Hales, who inherited the dissolved house of the Carmelite Order, the White Friars in Coventry, and converted it into another "Hales Place" was also descended from the Halden and Tenterden family. He was created a baronet by King Charles II in August of 1660. Some of his descendants returned to Kent and settled in Tunstall. The direct Tenterden line produced two families in which there were creations of baronets.

Sir John Hales was one of the barons of the Exchequer Court. His second son, Thomas Hales of Thanington , and his third son, Edward Hales of Tenterden, were the ancestors of the Hales baronets of Bekesbourne and Woodchurch, respectively. The great-grandson of Thomas of Thanington, Sir Robert Hales, was created a baronet on July 12, 1660. From another grandson descended Edward Hales of Tenterden who also acquired sufficient wealth to support a royal cause and thus obtain a baronetcy on June 29, 1611, adding to the Tenterden estates, others at Woodchurch, Tunstall and Canterbury and later at Bowley and Chilston. When his second son died at Davington in 1638 estates in Preston, Luddenham, Davington, Faversham and Oare were added in the county besides properties elsewhere in England. But within the century the whole fortunes were to be dissipated in the Stuart cause.

Sir Edward Hales was little more than eight years old when his father died and still a youth when he was fired with the impulse to save his King, a prisoner of the Commonwealth in Carisbrook Castle. His son had been well educated under Obadiah Walker at University College in Oxford but had no idea how to administer his fortune. He, another Edward, like his father, entertained lavishly and with that generosity which is so often the cause of deceit, dishonesty and eventually of resentment and malice, in others. Friends and casual acquaintances through their friends and family took considerable advantages of them and helped them as much as they helped themselves to demolish the wealth they had inherited.

The elder Edward parted with £80,000 in the King's cause to a rogue who had undertaken to raise a Kentish army. By 1651 his affairs were in such a mess that he retired to France and eventually died abroad. The younger was put on trial at Rochester for being a Papist while holding a commission as a colonel of foot. He refused to take the statutory oaths and the sacrament of the Established Church but swore his allegiance to his King as temporal sovereign. He was fined £500, which did not help the now-dwindling purse of the Hales household where he continued to hold large and expensive gatherings. On appeal in the King's Bench 11 judges against 1 decided that the King might for particular reasons of state lawfully dispense with penal statutes and in 1686 Sir Edward had his rebate and release. He was then appointed Lieutenant of the Tower of London, a Privy Councillor and a Lord of the Admiralty.

He was, as is well known, closely associated with the flight and abdication of King James II and was captured by ruffians near Whitstable where he was arrested. For a year he was imprisoned at Maidstone jail before rejoining James in France. He settled in St. Germain and was created Viscount Tunstall and Earl of Tenterden by the exiled King. He died in 1695 and is buried in St. Sulpice in Paris.

The Jacobite tides were not recognized by subsequent monarchs and the baronetcies of the Woodchurch, Coventry and Bekesbourne lines became extinct in 1829, 1812 and 1824 respectively, on the failure of heirs. Each generation was prolific and there is no doubt that there are innumerable descendants of this fascinating family spread far and near.

The Pipe Roll Society was established in 1883 for the publication of the Great Rolls of the Exchequer commonly called the Pipe Rolls and other documents prior to the year A.D. 1200. It has been stated that "these records stand alone as evidence of this early period, and their importance to the historian … cannot be overestimated." The volumes produced are from volume 1 through volume 38 (old series) and the New series beginning with volume 38.

On a trip to the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, I made a copy of every Hales reference found in the many volumes of the Pipe Roll Society. These records have to do with land and property transactions. They are in Latin.

Using a book entitled Latin for Local History by Eileen A. Gooder, I translated these entries to determine the genealogical value of them. They are useful in locating people and dates. The following shows some examples of the records with my translation.

Note that the New Series started with Volume 38 of the Old Series.

New Payments.

Roger of Hales remits fees owed to dismiss case, whereas not prosecuted.

More New Payments.

Robert of Hales remits fees owed to dismiss case in accordance with laws for owning property for 15 acres of Land in Kirkby.

Adam of Hales and his brothers paid 20 m. for having possession of land bordering on this same place.

Hales References in the Pipe Rolls

Robert of Hales

Robert of Hales

Robert of Hales

Robert of Hales

V 16. p xviii

Adam of Hales and brothers, their father in exile with Thomas Becket.

Adam of Hales and brothers

John of Hales

Robert of Hales

Robert of Hales

Roger of Hales

Walter of Hales

Simon of Hales

Simon of Hales

Walter of Hales

Roger of Hales

Roger of Hales

Roger of Hales

Robert of Hales

Roger of Hales

Robert of Hales

Adam of Hales and his brothers.

William of Hales

Roger of Hale

Unique Names

Robert of Hales

Adam of Hales

John of Hales

Roger of Hales

Walter of Hales

Simon of Hales

William of Hales

The Franciscan Order produced a long line of distinguished theologians and philosophers, the first eminent figure being that of the Englishman, Alexander of Hales. Using his great reasoning powers, and coupled with his, dedication to his religious beliefs, he sought to harmonize God with philosophy on the printed page as understood by him and his predecessors.

Born in Gloucestershire between 1170 and 1180 at a town or village called Hales, he entered the Franciscan Order in 1222, the first date in his history established by any authority, and died on August 21, 1245. Known to the scholastics as Doctor irrefragabilis, Alexander of Hales was the first Franciscan professor of theology at Paris and remained active in this occupation until within a few years of his death - a tenure of about 14 years.

Trained for the church, Alexander held in succession various ecclesiastical appointments, including the prebend of Holbom in St. Paul's cathedral, and finally arrived at the dignity of the archdeaconry of Coventry. In this position he acquired wealth, without, as Roger Bacon is careful to intimate, losing his honesty.

Like may other Englishmen at the time, Alexander resigned his career in his native country in order to pursue his studies in Paris, the great school of theology and metaphysics. Alexander of Hales studied and taught in Paris (master of arts before 1210, of theology in 1229), and was archdeacon of Coventry in 1235.

Although the mendicant friars were, from principle and from accidental circumstances, averse to philosophical training, they could not forego the opportunity afforded by the presence of a distinguished teacher among them. Alexander assumed the place of lecturer among the Franciscans, and it was largely owing to his ability that the order was enabled to establish its existence as a teaching body in opposition to the secular professors of the university. After becoming a Franciscan he founded in Paris the Schola Fratrum Minorum, thus being the first holder of the Franciscan chair in that university, a position he held until his death. Much of the teaching of such theologians as St. Bonaventure and John of La Rochelle developed from this master's doctrine. The Summa Theologica for centuries ascribed to him and having some of his work is largely the work of followers - showing evidence of modification some ten years or more after his death.

It is difficult to determine Alexander of Hales exact contributions to philosophy. He relied heavily on the writings of other thinkers. In the Summa Theologica, a work undertaken at the request of Innocent IV, and completed by the conjoint labors of other members of the order, Alexander attacks certain doctrines of Aristotle and the Aristotelian. He also considers that the pagan philosophers were unable to formulate a satisfactory philosophy because they did not relate to the Christian thought that to see clearly obstructions must be removed from eyes and that a wider view might be seen from a higher perspective (i.e. a man on a hill can see more of the valley than the man at the foot of the hill). Alexander clearly pictured himself as having a clearer view than most of his fellow-beings. However clear his view, it was not shared by others. There is no point of general interest that it was fruitful for after-thinkers, nor was it of much effect as stimulating discussion even in its own age. Maybe his thinking was too complex. Roger Bacon sarcastically remarks that the very Franciscans did not concern themselves with it, but allowed the huge manuscript to rot and corrupt.

The Summa was first printed in 1475 in folio, and passed through several editions, the last being issued at Cologne in 1611 in four folio volumes.

Alexander acquired a place in the roll of Mediaeval writers mainly by the accidents of his historic position. He was among the first to approach the labor of expounding the Christian system with the knowledge not only of the whole Aristotelian corpus, but also of the Arab commentators. He thus initiated the long and thorny debates which grew out of the attempt to amalgamate the Christian faith with a radically divergent metaphysical view. He was also the first to give to the teaching of the orders an authority that could only have been secured by the overwhelming ability of individual members.

The "Franciscan" theories of matter and form in spiritual creatures, of the multiplicity of forms and of illumination combined with experience are probably Alexander's adaptations of similar theories of the Augustinian and other traditions.

Alexander believed that the doctrine of the Blessed Trinity cannot be attained by man's reason alone, because of the weakness of human intellect - a clear sign that he was heavily influenced by the teachings passed down from earlier generations.

Alexander taught that God is the immediate Creator of the world, in regard both to matter and form, and the non-eternity of the world can be proved. Thus he rejected the Aristotelian notion of the eternity of the World, but he accepts the doctrine that all matter is animated. God, however, has no dependence, no reception, and no composition - a premise of the Nicean Creed.

Alexander maintained that it is impossible to be ignorant of God's existence. He claimed that there is a "habit naturally impressed on the intellect, enabling the intellect to know God." He also claimed that nature itself manifests God. However, "so far as the soul is turned away from God by sin and error and rivets its attention on creatures, it may fail to realize God's existence.

Regarding man Alexander insists that the soul is not a substance simply in the sense that it is a substantial form, but it is a substance composed of intellectual matter and form. He suggests that the soul must be a substance since it stands to the body as the sailor to the ship and that the soul is the principle of the body's life.

In his writings, Alexander gives perspectives of the creation of the soul, definitions of free will, original sin, and the nature of God. Writes Alexander authoritatively, "Each human soul is created by God out of nothing. The human soul is not an emanation of God, part of the divine substance, nor is it propagated in the manner postulated by the traducianists." For a more detailed account refer to A History of Philosophy, Volume 2, Mediaeval Philosophy.

One writer, Frederick Coppleston, says, "Alexander of Hales is of interest, since his main work is a sustained effort of systematic thought, being a Scholastic presentation of the Christian theology and philosophy. In regard to form, his writings belongs to the mediaeval period, sharing in the merits and defects of that type of compilation, in their succinctness and orderly arrangement as in their aridity and absence of developments which, from our point of view, might be desirable."

There has always been the desire to harmonize the elements taken from Aristotle with the teachings of Augustine and Anselm, and the general tendency is towards a contrast between the God-enlightened Christian thinkers on the one hand and the pseudo-intellectual Philosophers on the other hand. Alexander of Hales was well schooled and chiefly concerned with the knowledge of God and of Christ - he was faithful to the tradition of the Augustinian School.

- August 1, 1710. Purchased of Wessel Alrich and Andrew Petersen, executors of the will of Henry Hales, a tract of land containing two hundred and five acres, situated near a branch of Red Lyon Creek in New Castle County, Now Delaware, which at that time was one of the so called "Lower Counties" of Pennsylvania.

- John Hales of the Parish of Allenshiff, near the town of Drumsna, Leitcim, Ireland enlisted in the Royal Marine Forces for the term of 12 years on March 31st, 1848. He was 19 years of age, a laborer or Nailer by trade, 5' 7 ¼" tall, blue eyes and dark brown hair.

- In 1756 James Hails was granted a deed from James Garronell in Craven County North Carolina.

- In 1713 a Captain Christopher Hales from South Carolina was granted a deed from Robert Turner in Craven County, North Carolina.

- John de Capell held land called "Tattellmell" near Boxley Abbey, Kent, England that came into possession of the Hales Family. Mentioned in Kent Surveyed and Illustrated by Philipott in his 1659 edition.

- Elizabeth Hales Wyat was buried at Boxley, Kent, England on 4 JUN 1707. She was a daughter of Edward Hales of Chilston and a cousin of the Catholic Hales family.

- Frances Hales and William Heaberd paid passage for 26 persons including Joyce Hales, Frances Hales, and James Hales, who came together to the old Rappahannock County, Virginia area on February 9, 1663.

- David Williamson paid passage for John Hales and William Hales, who arrived February 16, 1665 in Accomack County, Virginia.

- Anne Taft paid passage for Edward Hales, who arrived on February 16, 1665 in Accomack County, Virginia.

- Charles Ratcliffe paid passage for Edward Hales, who arrived on Mary 12, 1663 in Accomack County, Virginia

- On September 1, 1653 Col. William Clayboume was patented 5,000 acres for transportation of 100 persons including Edward Hales. It is likely that this Edward was the one who died in Surrey County, Virginia in 1678 and left all of his effects to a minister in his will.

The search in Annapolis, and the Chesapeake Bay area, has included the names Hale, Hales, Hailes and Hayles. It is here that the direct lineage becomes much more difficult to trace and is unlikely to be fully solved. At any rate the Hales name first appears in 1631 as a land owner on Kent Island, a large tract of land in the Chesapeake Bay. We have to consider that the line in Baltimore may have descended from a Thomas Hales whose name appears in a publication entitled The Early Settlers of Maryland as follows:

- "Thomas Hales - immigrated 1631-6 with wife."

- "Thomas Hales - petition to confirm title of land granted by Capt. William Clayborne, 1640."

Captain Claiborne, a colonial official, was appointed surveyor of Virginia. He was the leader of a group from England who settled on, what was soon named, Kent Island just east of Annapolis. The island name, and probably many of the settlers, came from Kent County in the southeast of England. It is well established that Kent County England is the ancient seat of the Hales family which is dated as far back as the 1300's.

I was able to confirm this tie in 1993, during the search for our English roots. My wife and daughter, Esther, and I were privileged to stay (bed and breakfast) in one of the Hales manors that still exists. The distinguished old mansion is described as:

"Hales Place -High Halden, Nr Ashford, Kent ...a colorful history as the first home of the illustrious Hales family. ..."

Kent Island, Maryland is about ten miles long and is traversed by a new Bay Bridge by which we crossed over to Annapolis to search the archives in the Hall of Records. Before the bridge was built in 1950, inhabitants used a water ferry to cross the Chesapeake Narrows. Yachts and boats of every description were everywhere. One evening as we were driving about the island, again with my wife and daughter, Esther, we visited a seafood restaurant called Kenmoor. Dinner was boiled crabs at $28/dozen. There we watched a beautiful sunset over the Chesapeake Bay and reminisced about the Hales family of England and Kent Island.

Is the Hugh Hales of Baltimore (ca 1700-1749) a direct descendent of Thomas of Kent Island (1631)? Perhaps only two names are missing which would then account for some 12 generations of Hales in America!

MARILYN HALES SMITH, 631 WEST ZIA DR, TUCSON AZ 85704

LtCOL JACK R HALES, 9331 BRAYMORE CIRCLE, FAIRFAX STATION VA 22039

LYNN C HALES COLVIN, 4006 NICHOLAS, CORPUS CHRISTI TX 78410

PAT L. HALES, 1308 YUCCA, McALLEN TX 78504

T/SGT RICHARD A. HALES, 1328 PONAPE BLVD, YIGO GU 96929